A hole is the empty state left behind in the valence band when an electron is excited up to the conduction band. Because it represents the absence of a negative electron, a hole behaves as a mobile positive charge carrier. Holes are the majority carriers in p-type semiconductors and move in the opposite direction to electrons under an applied voltage.

空穴是电子被激发到导带后在价带中留下的空态。由于它代表一个带负电电子的缺失,空穴表现得如同一个可移动的正电荷载流子。空穴是 p 型半导体中的多数载流子,在施加电压时其移动方向与电子相反。