The grain refinement

晶粒细化

Explanation (EN)

The process of reducing the size of grains in a material to enhance mechanical strength and toughness.

Explanation (ZH)

通过减小材料中晶粒尺寸以提高其强度和韧性的过程。

About the IPA

The International Phonetic Alphabet is a standardized system of symbols used to represent the sounds of spoken language.

It helps linguists, language learners, and educators accurately describe pronunciation across languages.

Example: the word "hello" in British English is transcribed as /həˈləʊ/ in IPA.