Mandarin:
金属强化

Explanation in English Language (EN):
Techniques used to increase the strength of metals, including work hardening, alloying, grain refinement, and heat treatment.

Explanation in Mandarin (ZH):
提高金属强度的方法，包括加工硬化、合金化、晶粒细化和热处理等。

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International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
- Definition: A standardized system of symbols used to represent the sounds of spoken language.
- Purpose: Helps linguists, language learners, and educators accurately describe pronunciation across languages.
- Example: The word “hello” in British English is transcribed as /həˈləʊ/ in IPA.