A hybrid orbital is a new orbital of equivalent shape and energy formed by combining two or more atomic orbitals on the same atom. The number of hybrid orbitals formed equals the number of atomic orbitals combined. Their orientations determine the geometry around the atom; four sp³ hybrids, for example, give a tetrahedral arrangement.

杂化轨道是由同一原子上两个或多个原子轨道组合而成、形状和能量等价的新轨道。所形成的杂化轨道数目等于参与组合的原子轨道数目。它们的取向决定原子周围的几何构型;例如,四个 sp³ 杂化轨道给出四面体排列。