The s-, p-, d-, and f-blocks are regions of the periodic table classified according to which type of subshell is being filled by the valence electrons. The s- and p-blocks make up the main-group (representative) elements, the d-block the transition metals, and the f-block the inner transition metals. This blocking reflects the link between electron configuration and an element's position in the table.

s 区、p 区、d 区和 f 区是按价电子正在填充哪类亚层而对周期表进行划分的区域。s 区和 p 区构成主族(代表性)元素,d 区为过渡金属,f 区为内过渡金属。这种分区反映了电子排布与元素在表中位置之间的联系。