Mandarin:
官能团 (guān néng tuán)

Explanation in English Language (EN):
A functional group is a specific group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of that molecule 1 . Functional groups determine the reactivity and properties of organic compounds, including monomers and polymers. Examples of functional groups include hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), amine (-NH2), and vinyl (-CH=CH2) groups. In polymer chemistry, functional groups play a crucial role in polymerization reactions, crosslinking, and polymer modification.

Explanation in Mandarin (ZH):
官能团是分子中负责该分子特征化学反应的特定原子团。官能团决定了有机化合物（包括单体和聚合物）的反应性和性质。官能团的例子包括羟基 (-OH)、羧基 (-COOH)、胺 (-NH2) 和乙烯基 (-CH=CH2) 基团。在高分子化学中，官能团在聚合反应、交联和聚合物改性中起着至关重要的作用。

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International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
- Definition: A standardized system of symbols used to represent the sounds of spoken language.
- Purpose: Helps linguists, language learners, and educators accurately describe pronunciation across languages.
- Example: The word “hello” in British English is transcribed as /həˈləʊ/ in IPA.