Mandarin:
抗衡离子 (kàng héng lí zǐ)

Explanation in English Language (EN):
A counterion is an ion that accompanies a charged species to maintain electrical neutrality. In polymer chemistry, counterions are often associated with ionic initiators or growing polymer chains in ionic polymerization. The counterion, being oppositely charged, can interact with the charged active center and influence the polymerization process. The nature of the counterion can affect the rate of polymerization, the stereochemistry of the polymer, and the stability of the propagating species. Different counterions can lead to variations in the microstructure and properties of the resulting polymer.

Explanation in Mandarin (ZH):
抗衡离子是伴随带电物质以保持电中性的离子。在高分子化学中，抗衡离子通常与离子聚合中的离子引发剂或不断增长的聚合物链相关。抗衡离子带相反电荷，可以与带电活性中心相互作用并影响聚合过程。抗衡离子的性质会影响聚合速率、聚合物的立体化学和增长物质的稳定性。不同的抗衡离子会导致所得聚合物的微观结构和性能发生变化。

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International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
- Definition: A standardized system of symbols used to represent the sounds of spoken language.
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- Example: The word “hello” in British English is transcribed as /həˈləʊ/ in IPA.