Effective nuclear charge (Z_eff)

有效核电荷 (Z_eff)

Explanation (EN)

The net positive charge actually felt by an electron after accounting for shielding by other electrons; Z_eff = Z − σ.

Explanation (ZH)

考虑其他电子屏蔽后,某电子实际感受到的净正电荷;Z_eff = Z − σ。

About the IPA

The International Phonetic Alphabet is a standardized system of symbols used to represent the sounds of spoken language.

It helps linguists, language learners, and educators accurately describe pronunciation across languages.

Example: the word "hello" in British English is transcribed as /həˈləʊ/ in IPA.