The ground state is the lowest-energy and most stable state of an electron or atom, in which the electrons occupy the lowest available energy levels. It is the state an atom adopts in the absence of any input of energy. Supplying energy can raise the atom to an excited state, from which it tends to return to the ground state.

基态是电子或原子能量最低、最稳定的状态,其中电子占据可用的最低能级。它是原子在没有任何能量输入时所处的状态。供给能量可使原子升至激发态,而原子往往会从激发态返回基态。