Mandarin:
自组装单分子层

Explanation in English Language (EN):
A single layer of organic molecules spontaneously organized on a surface due to intermolecular forces. SAMs are used to modify surface properties.

Explanation in Mandarin (ZH):
由分子间作用力自发组织在表面上的单层有机分子。自组装单分子层用于改变表面性能。(Yóu fēn zǐ jiān zuò yòng lì zì fā zǔ zhī zài biǎo miàn shàng de dān céng yǒu jī fēn zǐ. Zì zǔ zhuāng dān fēn zǐ céng yòng yú gǎi biàn biǎo miàn xìng néng.)

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International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
- Definition: A standardized system of symbols used to represent the sounds of spoken language.
- Purpose: Helps linguists, language learners, and educators accurately describe pronunciation across languages.
- Example: The word “hello” in British English is transcribed as /həˈləʊ/ in IPA.