Mandarin:
施加电压

Explanation in English Language (EN):
The external electrical potential difference applied to a material or device, influencing electrical behavior such as conductivity, polarization, or dielectric response.

Explanation in Mandarin (ZH):
施加在材料或器件上的外部电势差，会影响其导电性、极化行为或介电响应。

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International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
- Definition: A standardized system of symbols used to represent the sounds of spoken language.
- Purpose: Helps linguists, language learners, and educators accurately describe pronunciation across languages.
- Example: The word “hello” in British English is transcribed as /həˈləʊ/ in IPA.